If you are software programming in the era of ‘digital first’, APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) are essential. They support various services, automation, and mobile apps & web platforms. However, there is always a risk in the convenience that they provide. As APIs are among the most targeted assets, the majority of attacks are at the API level. For that reason, API security testing is very important for developers, organizations, and security teams.
Step 1 – Understanding
Your first step towards securing your API will be to know what API you’re protecting.
Key Areas of Exposure:
- Endpoints – Publicly exposed URLs
- Input/output – Check these as they may have sensitive info.
- Authentication Tokens – API keys, OAuth tokens, etc.
- Brute force attacks can be abused to capture vulnerabilities.
List all endpoints your API makes public. Under this dynamic environment, validate the transmitted data. Likewise, ensure that users are secure. In terms of building a good security strategy, this knowledge is essential.
Step 2 – Use Strong Authentication and Authorization
Knowing who’s accessing your API and what they can do is the most crucial layer of API security.
- Recommended Practices:
- Delegated access should be done with OAuth 2.0 or OpenID Connect.
- Ensure that only users who need to act within their role have the required permission by implementing Role-Based Access Control (RBAC).
- Do not rely on just API keys.
- If you rely on third parties, all these should be implemented: token expiration, refresh tokens, and scopes to control access.
Step 3 – Use Encrypted Message
API traffic is not encrypted and is thus vulnerable to data theft. Encrypt data in transit using HTTPS.
Additional Tips:
- Every HTTP request is redirected to HTTPS.
- During the initial setup of the service, use strong TLS certificates provided by a reputable provider.
- Additionally, you can always run your SSL/TLS implementation with tools such as SSL Labs regularly.
Step 4 – Validate All Inputs
Often, an input is given in the form of a user, and as a result, they are the perfect match for injection attacks such as SQL injection, XML injection, and even remote code execution.
Secure Input Validation Techniques:
- Keep only whitelist input formats and check the data types.
- Do not run dynamic SQL queries, and limit string lengths.
- Have built-in validation functions built into frameworks and libraries.
- Inputs and output encoding are used to avoid cross-site scripting (XSS) when the data is reflected to the UI.
Step 5 – Rate Limiting and Throttling
It is to protect you from API abuse. You need to control the number of times a user or a system can request.
Implement:
- Rate limits per user/IP
- Burst control for bursty requests
- Restriction of usage to a limit of a defined budget.
Rate limiting is used to fight against denial of service attacks and brute force login attacks.
Step 6 – Use API Gateways and WAFs
The API Gateway is an API traffic control point. It can enforce security rules before requests get to your back end.
Benefits of Using an API Gateway:
- Authentication and authorization
- Rate limiting and throttling
- Request logging and monitoring
- Data transformation and version control
In addition to that, deploy a Web Application Firewall (WAF) to filter malicious traffic and threats in real-time.
Step 7 – Encryption of Sensitive Data at Rest and in Transit
An API does not contain equal data. If you are worried about passwords, private info, or your financial data, reach beyond https.
Best Practices:
- Store sensitive data at rest in an AES-256 or stronger encryption.
- Masking or tokenizing data for full visibility is not necessary.
- Remember, personal data must be encrypted according to compliance standards such as GDPR, HIPAA, and PCI-DSS.
Step 8 – Monitoring and Logging
The most secure API can be compromised. Ensure that logging and monitoring are robust because the early detection of unusual behavior or attacks helps catch them.
Tools and Techniques:
- API analytics platforms of choice like Datadog, Splunk, or AWS CloudWatch
- Track unusual patterns like:
- Sudden spikes in traffic
- Unauthorized access attempts
- Access from new geographic locations
Anomalies should be set to alert, and those alerts should be integrated into your SIEM (Security Information and Event Management) system.
Step 9 – Use Versioning and Deprecation Strategies
Do not run into the “zombie API” trap with a maintained and clear versioning and deprecation process.
API Versioning Tips:
- Use URI-based versioning (e.g., /API/v1/)
- Notify users when a version will be deprecated
- Remove old versions securely after sunset dates
- Make sure to migrate users to the latest and most secure implementations.
Step 10 – Periodic Security Testing
Finally and most importantly, continually test your API frequently.
Types of API Security Tests:
- Static Application Security Testing (SAST) – Analyzes code for security flaws.
- Dynamic Application Security Testing (DAST) – Simulates real attacks against a running app.
- Vulnerability Assessment and Penetration Testing (VAPT) – Manual + automated scanning to identify and misuse vulnerabilities.
- Other such tools include OWASP ZAP, Postman’s Security Scanner, Burp Suite, and APIsec.
Penetrate the schedule quarterly or after large schedule updates. Hire the cybersecurity professionals if you do not have them in-house.
Conclusion
Hackers target poorly secured APIs, as they attempt to gain access to such sensitive data or take down the service. If you follow all the 10 steps we have given on authentication, encryption, and testing above, you can get a pretty good degree of API security. It should not matter if you are building APIs for third-party developers, internal use, or mobile apps – they will be secure and attack-mitigated. Secure your digital assets today with leaders like Qualysec Technologies.
